Bài 7 – Phân từ & rút gọn mệnh đề

Trung cấp → 850+

1. V-ing hay V-ed làm tính từ?

	V-ing	V3 / V-ed
Nghĩa	Chủ động, gây ra cảm xúc / tác động	Bị động, bị tác động / cảm thấy
Ví dụ	an exciting offer, a challenging task	excited customers, a damaged package
Mẹo	Danh từ tự làm hành động	Danh từ bị / được làm

V-ing + N	Nghĩa	V-ed + N	Nghĩa
existing customers	khách hàng hiện tại	attached file	tệp đính kèm
leading company	công ty hàng đầu	enclosed document	tài liệu gửi kèm
rising / increasing costs	chi phí tăng	detailed information	thông tin chi tiết
growing demand	nhu cầu tăng	qualified candidates	ứng viên đủ tiêu chuẩn
remaining balance	số dư còn lại	experienced staff	nhân viên có kinh nghiệm
upcoming event	sự kiện sắp tới	limited budget	ngân sách hạn chế
outstanding balance	khoản chưa thanh toán	revised schedule	lịch đã sửa
missing items	món bị thiếu	preferred supplier	nhà cung cấp ưu tiên
demanding job	công việc đòi hỏi cao	dedicated team	đội tận tâm
rewarding experience	trải nghiệm đáng giá	skilled workers	công nhân lành nghề

Dạng đầy đủ	Rút gọn
Employees who work in Building A… (chủ động)	Employees working in Building A…
The report which was submitted yesterday… (bị động)	The report submitted yesterday…
She was the first person who arrived.	She was the first person to arrive.

Before / After / When / While / Since + V-ing: Before leaving, turn off the lights.
When / If / Once / Unless / As + V3: Once approved, the plan will start.
Cụm cố định: as requested, as scheduled, as mentioned, as indicated, if necessary, if needed, unless otherwise stated / noted / specified, when completed.
Phân từ đầu câu: Founded in 1990, the company… (được thành lập) · Having completed the course, she… (sau khi đã hoàn thành).

1. The workshop was so ------- that many participants asked for a second session.

2. Please review the ------- document before the meeting.

3. Only ------- candidates will be invited for an interview.

4. Employees ------- in the main building should use the north entrance.

5. The proposal ------- by the committee last week will be implemented in May.

6. ------- in 1985, Dalton Industries is now a leading manufacturer of auto parts.

7. Unless otherwise -------, all prices include tax.

8. Before ------- the machine, read the instructions carefully.

9. Customers were ------- with the quick response from the support team.

10. Due to ------- fuel costs, the airline raised its ticket prices.

11. As -------, I have enclosed a copy of my certificate.

12. The ------- balance must be paid by the end of the month.

13. Ms. Chen is the first employee ------- the new leadership award.

14. ------- the report, Mr. Diaz sent it to his supervisor.

15. Packages ------- after 3 P.M. will be shipped the next day.

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